What is the type of irony where the audience knows something that the characters do not?

Dramatic irony occurs when the audience possesses knowledge that the characters within the story lack. This creates a layering effect, as the audience is aware of the implications and outcomes of the characters' actions or situations, thereby enhancing emotional engagement and tension. For instance, in a play or film, if a character is blissfully unaware of a danger that the audience knows is imminent, the audience experiences a heightened sense of anticipation and concern. In contrast, verbal irony involves a character saying something contrary to what they mean, while situational irony refers to a surprising difference between expectation and reality. Cosmic irony, on the other hand, often suggests a universe that is indifferent or hostile to human endeavors. Understanding the nuances of dramatic irony can significantly deepen one's appreciation for a narrative's structure and emotional impact.