What literary term defines the use of humor or irony to criticize or mock a subject?

The term that defines the use of humor or irony to criticize or mock a subject is satire. Satire employs wit, exaggeration, and sometimes absurdity to highlight the flaws, shortcomings, or vices of individuals, societies, or institutions. Its primary intention is to provoke thought and inspire change by exposing the ridiculousness of the subject at hand.

In contrast, parody specifically imitates the style or characteristics of a particular genre or work for comedic effect, rather than aiming to critique the subject directly. Absurdism focuses more on the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless, chaotic universe, often creating humor from the illogical nature of existence, which doesn’t necessarily involve the mockery found in satire. Farce is a comedic form that relies on exaggerated situations and physical humor, rather than the nuanced critique associated with satire. This distinction is crucial in understanding how satire functions as a tool for social commentary and critique.