What term describes a reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature?

The correct term for a reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature is allusion. Allusion allows authors to connect their work to broader themes, historical events, or other literary works, enriching the reader’s understanding and engagement with the text. It often relies on the reader’s familiarity with the referenced material, creating a layer of meaning that deepens the narrative.

Metaphor is a figure of speech that involves comparing two unlike things directly, often to highlight a particular quality or aspect of one item as it relates to another. This is not related to referencing external works or historical figures.

Symbolism involves the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. A symbol is typically an object or action that stands for something beyond itself, which is distinct from making a direct reference to another work.

Imagery refers to the use of descriptive language that appeals to the senses, helping to create vivid pictures in the reader's mind. Although imagery can draw on allusions, it does not specifically convey the notion of referencing external contexts or works.

In summary, allusion is what binds the literary work to its wider context, enhancing its thematic depth through indirect references that resonate with the audience.