Which literary device involves the repetition of similar grammatical structures?

The correct answer is parallelism, as it refers to the use of similar grammatical structures within a sentence or across sentences. This device is often employed to create rhythm, enhance clarity, and emphasize ideas, making the writing more engaging and memorable. For example, in the famous line from Charles Dickens’ "A Tale of Two Cities," the parallel structure "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times" highlights the contrasts within the narrative.

In contrast, alliteration focuses on the repetition of initial consonant sounds in closely positioned words, which can create a musical quality in poetry and prose but does not necessarily involve grammatical structure. Assonance deals with the repetition of vowel sounds within words in close proximity, adding to the acoustic quality of a text but again not addressing grammatical similarity. A refrain is a repeated line or phrase in a poem or song, often at the end of a stanza, that serves a different purpose of emphasizing a theme or mood rather than focusing on grammatical structure.